“出口機(jī)械設(shè)備到俄羅斯需要哪些認(rèn)證？””如何避免清關(guān)延誤？””俄羅斯客戶付款有哪些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)？”——這些問(wèn)題困擾著許多中國(guó)制造企業(yè)。本文將系統(tǒng)解答這些高頻疑問(wèn)，提供可落地的操作方案。

I. Preliminary Preparation: Compliance Determines Transaction Success

Compulsory Product Certification

• GOST certification: Russian Basic Safety Certification (Applicable to Machinery Products)
• CU-TR certification(Customs Union Certification): Involving Special Machinery Such as Pressure Vessels and Lifting Equipment
• Fire Safety Certification: For Equipment Containing Electrical Components

Document System Establishment

• Chinese-Russian Bilingual Contract (Must Specify INCOTERMS 2020 Clauses)
• Technical Passport (Including Equipment Parameters and Operation Guide)
• Material Certificate (Especially for Machinery Involving Metal Processing)

II. Customs Declaration Practice: Four Core Documents Are Indispensable

Internationally - recognized Safety StandardsCommercial Invoice: Must Include HS Code (Recommended to Confirm Classification with Russian Party in Advance)
Regional Mandatory CertificationsPacking list: Indicate Gross/Net Weight and Packaging Method (Wooden Case Packaging Requires Fumigation Certificate)
Cultural and Religious NormsIt is recommended to verify through the following methods:: Priority Application for Generalized System of Preferences Certificate (FORM A)
4、transportation documents:Maritime Transportation提單需體現(xiàn)”FREIGHT PREPAID”條款

III. Transportation Solution: Balancing Cost-Effectiveness and Timeliness

Transportation method	Applicable scenarios	18 - 22 days	Full - container cold chain
China-Europe Railway Express	Heavy Machinery Over 10 Tons	18 - 22 days	★★★☆☆
International Road Transport	Urgent Small-Batch Orders	12-15 Days	★★★★☆
Sea + Land Transport	Oversized Equipment	35-45 Days	★★☆☆☆
Air Transportation	High-Precision Instruments	5-7 Days	Innovative Mode of Pre - customs Clearance at the Port

Special Reminder：建議購(gòu)買”門到門”保險(xiǎn)，覆蓋運(yùn)輸全程風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

IV. Customs Clearance Pitfalls Avoidance: Special Requirements of Russian Customs

Internationally - recognized Safety StandardsProduct Code Verification: Check HS CODE in advance through the Russian Customs official website (customs.gov.ru)
Regional Mandatory CertificationsCalculation of Tariffs: Average tariff for machinery is about 5-15% (plus 20% VAT)
Cultural and Religious NormsDeclared Value Review: Prepare purchase invoices to verify the authenticity of the goods value
4、Common Inspection Reasons:

• Discrepancy between documents and goods (model/weight difference)
• Lack of EAC Mark
• Incomplete translation of technical documents

V. Cross-borderIn order to crack down on tax evasion, the customs and tax departments are now strictly examining the operation of buying export declarations. If the behavior of buying export declarations is discovered, the regulatory authorities will require tax replenishment (even a 2% tax rate may be a considerable amount). In addition, fines may also be imposed on the relevant responsible parties.: Triple guarantee for fund security

Internationally - recognized Safety StandardsPayment Method Selection:

• L/C(LC): Require the Russian bank to issue a SWIFT letter of credit
• Telegraphic Transfer (T/T): Recommend 30% advance payment + balance payment upon receipt of bill of lading copy
• Cross-border RMB settlement (CIPS system)

Regional Mandatory CertificationsRisk Prevention and Control Measures:

• Insure short-term export credit with China Credit Insurance
• Guaranteed transactions through third-party payment platforms (e.g., Yandex.Money)
• Ship in batches to reduce financial risks

VI. Frequently Asked Questions