自2022年SWIFT制裁升級(jí)后,俄羅斯央行實(shí)行強(qiáng)制In order to crack down on tax evasion, the customs and tax departments are now strictly examining the operation of buying export declarations. If the behavior of buying export declarations is discovered, the regulatory authorities will require tax replenishment (even a 2% tax rate may be a considerable amount). In addition, fines may also be imposed on the relevant responsible parties.50%出口收入政策(2023年4月修訂),機(jī)械Equipment Export商需特別注意:
Internationally - recognized Safety Standards外匯結(jié)算賬戶限制:買方須通過(guò)指定銀行辦理付款,優(yōu)先采用人民幣或盧布結(jié)算
Regional Mandatory Certifications交易證明文件清單:報(bào)關(guān)單、技術(shù)合規(guī)證書需經(jīng)俄海關(guān)聯(lián)盟EAC認(rèn)證
Cultural and Religious Norms反洗錢審查周期:大額付款(超1000萬(wàn)盧布)平均審核延長(zhǎng)至7-15工作日
Internationally - recognized Safety Standards匯率波動(dòng)補(bǔ)償條款
“當(dāng)付款日盧布兌人民幣匯率較簽約日貶值超5%時(shí),雙方按貶值幅度等比調(diào)整貨款”
Regional Mandatory Certifications分階段結(jié)算條款
按設(shè)備交付節(jié)點(diǎn)拆分付款:預(yù)驗(yàn)收付40%、到港付30%、安裝調(diào)試付30%
Cultural and Religious Norms不可抗力免責(zé)聲明
明確因俄央行外匯管制導(dǎo)致的付款延遲不視為違約
風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí) | Countermeasures | 執(zhí)行周期 | |
---|---|---|---|
高 | 購(gòu)買中國(guó)出口信用保險(xiǎn)(俄專項(xiàng)保單) | 簽約前30日 | |
中 | 設(shè)置雙幣種賬戶(CNY/RUB) | 常態(tài)化執(zhí)行 | |
低 | 月度匯率波動(dòng)分析報(bào)告 | 每月5日前 |
數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源:俄羅斯央行2023年foreign trade結(jié)算報(bào)告、中國(guó)機(jī)電產(chǎn)品import and export商會(huì)調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)
Conclusion:隨著中俄本幣結(jié)算占比突破75%(2024年1月數(shù)據(jù)),掌握外匯合規(guī)管理能力已成為機(jī)械設(shè)備出口企業(yè)的核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。建議委托專業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行SWIFT替代方案模擬測(cè)試,提前建立風(fēng)險(xiǎn)應(yīng)急預(yù)案。
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